Intervention messages came from several previous studies that tested CBT- and ACT-based smartphone interventions [23, 46, 47], were refined internally, and combined with image content from free stock photo websites (Pexels, Unsplash) [48, 49]
As of March 2006, 53 tribes operated 54 casinos with Class III machines in California
8-12 However, these studies were all limited in that they were either restricted to samples of males only 9,12 or failed to adjust for important smoke-related factors that could have confounded their findings, such as lifetime smoking (e.g., cigarette pack years or smoking duration), 10,11 current smoking status, 8,11 and smoking intensity
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