The 11 designs were tested under five different conditions: a clean filter (20 minutes), a smoke-laden filter (20 minutes), a dust-laden filter (20 minutes), blocked on one side (30 minutes), or blocked on two sides (seven hours)
While warning labels on packaging, anti-smoking media campaigns, and health education in schools play an important role in promoting a smoke-free lifestyle, the most effective method to reducing cigarette consumption has been increasing the retail price of a pack of cigarettes by raising taxes
Emerging chemicals of health concern in electronic nicotine delivery systems [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 3]
The funding body had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, writing or approving the manuscript and decision to submit the manuscript for publication