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Key Features of the Study First study to evaluate the genetic effects of smoking on normal, healthy, non-cancerous lung cells 16 participants were included in the study Participants were categorized into the following: Current smokers Ex-smokers Never smokers Children Lung biopsies were taken from all the participants and subjected to genetic analysis DNA from 632 individual cells obtained from the biopsy tissue samples were sequenced Alterations in the genetic patterns in these non-cancerous lung cells were analyzed Key Findings of the Study 9 out of 10 non-cancerous lung cells of current smokers harbored up to 10,000 extra mutations compared to non-smokers The mutations were caused by carcinogenic chemicals present in tobacco smoke Over one-fourth of the damaged lung cells had at least one cancer-driver mutation Majority of lung cells in ex-smokers remained undamaged from their past smoking These lung cells of ex-smokers were genetically identical to those present in people who had never smoked Ex-smokers had 4-times more of these healthy lung cells, compared to those of current smokers These healthy lung cells of ex-smokers accounted for 40 percent of total lung cells Our study is the first time that scientists have looked in detail at the genetic effects of smoking on individual healthy lung cells

Brand Family: Benson & Hedges Product Type: Cigarettes Country: China City: Shanghai Collection Date: February, 2017 Price: 25.00 CNY (3.64 USD) Stick count: 20 Features: Less Harm Noncompliant Health Warning Label: Not assessed *Selecting any of the linked attributes above will open a new search, showing all packs that match this attribute.

[1] See detail on major state level tax cuts since 2005 in Appendix 4

Think of it like this: after years of smoking, your lungs' natural cleaning system needs a bit of a kick-start