broken cigarette cigarettes in hands Close-up of Broken Cigarette in

The Australian framework established specifications that many subsequent laws have replicated: Color: Pantone 448C (a dark olive-brown, widely described as the worlds ugliest color) Typography: Brand names in Lucida Sans or Helvetica, maximum 14-point size Prohibited: All logos, brand imagery, embossing, decorative foil, distinctive shapes Countries that followed with their own plain packaging legislation: As of 2026, 25 countries have active plain packaging requirements, with 14 more , including Botswana, Colombia, and South Africa , in various stages of legislative consideration

The total amount of e-liquid used over time can therefore be more informative than counting individual puffs

Ind Eng Chem Res 49:1245212460 Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge CAPES for supporting their research

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